I call on all members of the National Partnership to repent publicly of insults, besmirching the church, and obstructing the work of the church councils. I call on you to relinquish your committee memberships. I hope that some of you will. But for those who don’t, I plead that you find another denomination more to your liking, rather than tear the church apart through the exercise of discipline.

Like many within the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the National Partnership email trove has saddened, angered, and grieved me. I have read many articles regarding the emails, and they do not paint a pretty picture. Are those articles slanted? Is the picture that they paint accurate? I found out for myself by writing Natural Language Processing code to analyze the emails. And I remain saddened, angered, and grieved. This article delineates some of the more troubling passages I discovered. I have tried to provide larger quotes to demonstrate that the quotes are not out of context. My purpose is not to rehash what has already been published, but to call the National Partnership to repentance.
I am saddened by the use of personal insults. Consider the following email texts:
“Jun 28, 2019, 11:39:13 AM
…No one can stop us from becoming this kind of denomination. The denomination we were at the end of worship last night. No one. We are the majority, and if we gather around the Gospel there will be nothing to stop it. If we keep preaching to the dry bones.”
“Mar 26, 2013, 3:24:51 PM
…Finally: my greatest concern about the negative blogging we’ve seen this last week is the degree to which men are willing to engage in one-way conversation. The other person is by necessity diminished in these conversations. To me this is not just an ethical code violated but a grievous dishonor. Loving our enemies/opponents has to involve representing their character and beliefs charitably. Inquiries about the NP by one of these bloggers or PERSON 1, PERSON 2 or PERSON 3 would not only have served the public trust but would have dignified me and you by giving us a chance to define ourselves. Let’s not fall into the same soup by failing to pray for our opponents and represent them truthfully in every forum.”
“Jun 27, 2019, 9:49:14 AM
(This is important. Frank wicks is the board recommendation. Wiley is a harsh antagonist of the seminary. Why would we want him on the permanent board. Let’s defeat this)”
Dry bones. A reference to Ezekiel 37. Am I dry bones, dead, without the life of the Spirit because I do not agree with the author’s vision for the PCA? How can that not be the obvious conclusion when Paul tells us in Ephesians 2 that outside of Christ, we are spiritually dead?
While I appreciate the author’s concern for ethics and his prayers, I am astounded that he would refer to his opponents within the PCA as enemies. In Phil 1: 17-19, Paul refers to enemies of the cross as people “whose god is their appetite, and whose glory is in their shame, who set their minds on earthly things.”
I am saddened by the liberal use of harsh words to define those who do not agree with the NP.
“Feb 20, 2019, 12:52:42 PM
Are those who struggle with SSA not allowed in the fellowship of half-blind jackasses looking for the Glory of the Lord?”
Well, yes, they are allowed. They are just not allowed to be elders. We call upon all people everywhere to come to church, be a part of our fellowship, sit under the discipline of the Word of God, repent of their sin, and accept Jesus as Lord of their life. But once again, I am saddened by how easily a minister of the Gospel can dehumanize his co-workers in the Gospel.
I am saddened to an even greater degree by the insults to the church. There are many references to the PCA as unhealthy and ugly. No, you won’t find those words. But you see an earnest desire for the church to become healthy and beautiful, which implies it is currently not either of those things.
“Jan 30, 2019, 3:49:04 PM
My sense is that the next 3-5 years of assembly work will shape the next forty years of the PCA. If we are clear in advocating for greater health in the Presbyterian Church in America, we will all be part of a more beautiful, more orthodox denomination for Kingdom work around the world.”
“Jul 2, 2021, 8:34:46 AM (7 days ago)
…Perhaps the next way you’ll move things forward is on the floor of your presbyteries as you lead debate on overtures we passed. Or maybe it’s time for your presbytery to bring something to the Birmingham assembly that moves us in a healthier direction.”
“Jun 30, 2021, 9:39:46 AM (9 days ago)

Nominating Committee advice. Following the NC close of nominations we will send out a guide for those of you not always familiar with the candidates. In some cases we may not have a recommendation, but in others there may be a candidate whose experience and views would align more clearly with a healthy PCA. Thankfully in all those cases both men will be brothers in Christ and worthy of honor.”

“Jun 11, 2021, 6:33:46 AM
Many of you have heard about the letter drafted by PERSON 1and several other contributors. I was not one of the principal authors, but I am grateful to see it out in the world. I’d commend it to you as one way that we can help guide a healthier denomination.“
Was the church healthy when Elijah called out: 10 He said, “I have been very zealous for the Lord, the God of hosts; for the sons of Israel have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars and killed Your prophets with the sword. And I alone am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.” (I Kings 19:10, NASB, 1995)
I think it was. God answered Elijah by saying: “18 Yet I will leave 7,000 in Israel, all the knees that have not bowed to Baal and every mouth that has not kissed him.” (I Kings 19:18, NASB 95)
I am saddened when we substitute our judgment for God’s. I think we should hold the church in high regard as in “The Church’s One Foundation”
1 The church’s one foundationis Jesus Christ, our Lord;we are a new creationby water and the Word.From heav’n he came and taught uswhat perfect love can be;through life and death he sought us,and rose to set us free.
4 Yet we on earth have unionwith God, the Three in One,and mystic, sweet communionwith those whose rest is won.Oh, happy ones and holy!God, give us grace that we,like them, the meek and lowly,may live eternally.
I am angered at the secrecy. Almost every email until June 23, 2021, contains a privacy banner like:

“Confidential: this information is not to be shared without permission of the sender”
“The following communication is confidential and may not be shared without the permission of the sender”
“Please do not share without the permission of the author”
“This communication is private, it is not to be shared without permission from the sender”

There are 66 references to “confidential” or “confidentiality” within the emails. Consider the following email texts.
Jun 26, 2019, 8:16:07 AM
He loves us, and we serve him before we serve committees or churches, or nefarious and clandestine secret PCA societies.
While it is admirable that the National Partnership serves the Lord before all else, why are clandestine secret PCA societies listed in the list of subservient loyalties? Given that the subject of the verse is “we”, the National Partnership, this is extremely dangerous.
Mar 20, 2013, 7:40:14 AM
National Partnership: A New Group in the PCA

The Aquila Report has picked up on our existence, which is not a problem. It was never our intent to exist as a secret society. In fact, I would prefer for the information to be disseminated now rather than right before the Assembly so that suspicions the minority might have about our aims can be dealt with now, rather than provoking prejudices (a secret faction!) that could derail our business at the Assembly.”
“Jun 25, 2021, 11:00:18 PM
We’ve always been about privacy here. Not secrecy, privacy. And why should we have privacy? Let me tell you why. Just today slander from a white supremacist website was spread about me in a PCA Facebook group because I dared to set the record straight about some of the untruths being said about the PCA and homosexuality. And it’s not the first time it’s happened to me.”
Despite the protestation that this is privacy, not secrecy, this has all the hallmarks of a secret society:

A hidden membership role
References to NP Presbyteries
Secret voting guidelines sent to members only

Jun 17, 2021, 9:01:05 AM

“Attached is the initial advice concerning overtures to the 48th GA.”

Jun 25, 2019, 10:46:16 PM

“UPCOMING:
Tomorrow AM: Wednesday’s schedule, important votes, etc.
Tomorrow PM: Final overtures advice
Thursday AM: Thursday’s schedule, important votes, etc.
Thursday AM: Nominations advice

June 07, 2018,

This is the first draft of the 2018 GA overtures advice book

References to “our” members on committees
Deleted websites like: thenationalpartnership.com
A member only National Partnership Facebook page
There are just under 250 references to the following words:

Vote
Voted
Voter
Voters
Votes

The email trove reveals an elite, secret society of ministers within the PCA seeking to thwart the rule of Christ over His church. You bet I’m angry. Christ is the head of the church. He rules through the Holy Spirit, working in the hearts of His elders. How is this anything over than an attempt by a minority to circumvent the majority?
I am angered at the mocking of those who seriously try to abide by the Word of God. I Peter 2 begins with a sober warning.
“2 But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will also be false teachers among you, who will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing swift destruction upon themselves. 2 Many will follow their sensuality, and because of them the way of the truth will be maligned; 3 and in their greed they will exploit you with false words; their judgment from long ago is not idle, and their destruction is not asleep.”
A secret society that has an objective to force the acceptance of Revoice theology. Yes, I’m suspicious.
I’m angered at the arrogance. If Christ is the head of the church, and according to our theology, He is, then why do the members of the National Partnership assume He is not leading well.
“Jun 11, 2021, 6:33:46 AM
Many of you have heard about the letter drafted by Mike Khandjian and several other contributors. I was not one of the principal authors, but I am grateful to see it out in the world. I’d commend it to you as one way that we can help guide a healthier denomination.“
“Jul 2, 2021, 8:34:46 AM (7 days ago)
…Perhaps the next way you’ll move things forward is on the floor of your presbyteries as you lead debate on overtures we passed. Or maybe it’s time for your presbytery to bring something to the Birmingham assembly that moves us in a healthier direction.”
The flip side of these comments, as alluded to above, is that the PCA is unhealthy. That we do not listen to the Holy Spirit directing us in the courts of the church. These comments indicate that the National Partnership received a special revelation and authority.
I am angered by what appears to be a lack of integrity. A person with integrity is the same person in public and private. I thought the “Looking Forward Together” article was a thoughtful call for unity. I especially appreciated this passage.
“Be assured that our desire is not to vilify or attack those who disagree. When offered respectfully, we firmly believe that our internal challenges and those who disagree with us make us stronger. We all know that Satan, “the accuser of the brethren”(Revelation 12:10) would have no greater joy than for us to be divided as a denomination over matters that we should debate charitably and truthfully in order for iron to sharpen iron! We believe that sharpening of one another to labor together for Christ requires that we also be honest about some perspectives being advanced in recent months that we believe are not healthy for our church or for Christ’s mission.”
Then I saw the emails referring to non-National Partnership members of the PCA as opponents, enemies, dry bones, and jackasses. So which attitude is the real attitude of the National Partnership?
I am grieved by the coarse language in one email.
“Jun 22, 2021, 3:47:55 PM
When I started the HUE project, I very much expanded my world – praise the Lord, but also the flip side is WTF was I doing all this time.”
Paul, in Titus 2, says,
“6 Likewise urge the young men to be sensible; 7 in all things show yourself to be an example of good deeds, with purity in doctrine, dignified, 8 sound in speech which is beyond reproach, so that the opponent will be put to shame, having nothing bad to say about us.” (NASB, 1995)
Would any elder in the PCA use this language on the floor of the GA Assembly or in a sermon? Are we not called to be transformed rather than conformed? I work with brilliant, hard-working, and dedicated men who only have one word for expressing emotion. I expect better from elders in the PCA. Even more disappointing was the lack of correcting emails or an apology email,
I grieve over the missional sentiments that discount the relational work performed by the good people of the PCA every day. The authors of the NP emails operate with the assumption that PCA is not healthy or beautiful and that we are not welcoming. The “Beautiful Orthodoxy” conferences, which are promoted in the emails, have this goal:
“The goal of [Beautiful Orthodoxy] is to bless the work of the Kingdom in the PCA. We believe it is time to promote a declaration that we don’t have to choose between biblical/doctrinal fidelity and gospel beauty (love for the poor, joy, warm and welcoming churches, passion for justice, ethnic diversity and appreciation, utilization of the gifts of women, the church as a hospital for sinners, etc.).” (https://www.beautifulorthodoxypca.com/)
God’s people have never made that choice. To the best of our ability, we have carried out both aspects of the great commission, teaching and disciplining. Although I do not believe that the church as a hospital for sinners is an orthodox view of the church. Proponents of the missional church argue that unbelievers do not come to church, so they never hear the Gospel. That the church must somehow become more acceptable to the current culture to be heard. And yet, we’ve seen this story played out before. It’s a story with a sad ending.
People suffering in the bondage of sin are in a state of misery, no matter the age or the culture. They come to Christ as the Holy Spirit turns their heart of stone into a heart of flesh. And He often uses His people to draw them to the church where they hear the Gospel message. And they hear the discipline of the Word. They begin the process of sanctification and the mortification of their sin. Let’s celebrate the work done by His people rather than bemoaning the church and trying to find work arounds.
And I grieve over a lack of repentance after the publications of the emails. As far as I’m aware, no one from the National Partnership has stood up and publicly repented of creating a secret society that seeks to short circuit the presbyterian process. I find this disheartening. As elders who preach a Gospel of repentance, shouldn’t we be the first to repent?
I am hopeful. Evidently, the Lord pricked a conscience of an NP member who released the emails.
I am hopeful. The last GA rejected the machinations of the NP.
I am hopeful. The PCA is a true church that has remained faithful to the great commission. Our churches continue to preach, teach, and make disciples.
I am hopeful that the PCA continues as a true church and will practice discipline despite the pain and turmoil. I hope it does not come to this, but it needs to happen if public repentance is not forthcoming.
So I call on all members of the National Partnership to repent publicly of insults, besmirching the church, and obstructing the work of the church councils. I call on you to relinquish your committee memberships. I hope that some of you will. But for those who don’t, I plead that you find another denomination more to your liking, rather than tear the church apart through the exercise of discipline.
I am hopeful. Jesus still rules His church. We may have to break fellowship with those who secretly obstruct the church government and espouse Revoice theology, but the church will continue. I hope and pray that it does not come to that.
Al Taglieri is a Ruling Elder in the Providence Presbyterian Church in York, Penn.

Jesus will be the one who indeed obeys the covenant stipulations of Yahweh and, as Solomon prayed, would bless all the peoples on earth (1 Kings 8:60; 2 Chronicles 6:32-33). He is the one who delivered Hezekiah from Assyria and who will ensure the world will know who God is (2 Kings 19:15, 19). He is the one who, unlike the kings of Judah, will not lead His people into idolatry or fail in righteousness but will establish and uphold justice and righteousness from this time forth and forevermore (Isaiah 9:7).

An Analogy of Relationships
In human romantic relationships, progress is made through promise. When a man enjoys the company of a particular woman, and natural desires begin bubbling up in that man for her, well, he ought to be the one to ask her if she will become his woman. This is not an open-ended promise where he reserves the right to desire and spend affectionate time with a throng of women, but a personal pledge that she will be the lone object of his affection moving forward. His commitment and promise carries with it exclusivity.
When the relationship advances beyond the dating stages, progress is again precipitated by promise. Without new pledges of increased loyalty and commitment, the relationship will stagnate and usually wither into a relational bramble. But after a pledge of lifelong fidelity, the dating couple becomes engaged with a ring of promise, and the engaged couple standing at the altar with rings becomes lawfully wed.
This normative period is filled with promises that progress every relationship from strangers and acquaintances to friends, from pals to dating and betrothal, and eventually into marriage. This period is a finite allotment of time to establish interest, trustworthiness, and commitment before the era of promises is over. And I mean that the era of promises must end because no woman wants to marry a man who continually rattles off guarantees and assurances but never ends up keeping any of them. Once all the promises have been made, and the man and woman say I do, he does not need to go on making oaths and pledges and explaining his intentions. He must transition the relationship from being a promise maker to a promise keeper, or the only progress he will make will be toward separation and divorce. This movement from promise to fulfillment is the most natural step toward maturation for any marriage; it is how trust is baked in time and how marriages become iron-clad centers of love, life, and community for a clan of burgeoning people.
In some ways, we can apply this to what we spoke about last week. We transitioned away from the wrong views of eschatology to the correct view. And we saw how God Himself littered the book of Genesis with monumental promises. He promised to fill the world with worshippers through Adam. He repeated those promises to Noah. He kept those promises during the rocky era of Babel. He made those promises even more explicit and exclusive through Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Judah. And like a young man making covenantal promises to the woman that He loves before their wedding day, God in those early years of Genesis was showering His people with all of His promises and was letting her know what He was going to do in covenant union with her and for her. And as we saw last week, the content of those promises was that God Himself would make His people into a fruitful, world-wide, people, who fill the earth with worshippers. Worshippers in the sciences, worshippers in local and national governments, worshippers in technology and engineering firms, worshippers in law practices, libraries, restaurants, public squares, plumbing and electrical businesses, and worshippers in faithful churches. God is going to fill the world, and every sector of this world, with His joyful human worshippers so that everything on this rebel planet will come under His dominion and will.
Yet, in just the same way a man shouldn’t keep making promises with no intention of fulfilling them, God does not go on speaking without a plan for doing. He transitions the relationship from promise maker to promise keeper as we turn the page from Genesis to the book of Exodus. He continues that posture through the conquests and the histories of the people of Israel and Judah. And while Israel and Judah will be unfaithful to her husband and maker (Isaiah 54:5; Hosea 2:2), provoking Him to jealous fury (Deuteronomy 32:21), playing the harlot with the nations instead of bringing them into God’s covenant family (Ezekiel 16:15), causing Him to issue a decree of divorce to the ten northern tribes of Israel (Jeremiah 3:8), God is never once unfaithful to His promises. He will fill the world with worshippers who worship Him in spirit and truth (John 4:23-24). And what we will see in the history of Judah and Israel is textual evidence that this is God’s plan and that God will accomplish it with Israel’s help or not!
In what follows, I would like to sketch out how all of the promises made in the book of Genesis, where the entire world will be filled with worshippers (Genesis 1:28), where all the families on earth will be blessed by the seed of Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3), all the nations on earth will come under God’s blessings through the seed of Jacob (Genesis 28:14) and will obey Yahweh their King through the promises to Shiloh as promised to Judah (Genesis 49:10), are now beginning to come true in the life of Israel. Like an acorn transitioning from seed to sapling, the Exodus, the conquests, and the Kingdom of Israel will show how God is committed to what He initially said and is delivering on those promises in the life of Israel. In the weeks ahead, we will see how those promises are fulfilled ultimately in Jesus, but for now, let’s trace the promises God made for a postmillennial and optimistic future out of the book of Genesis and see how they begin sprouting roots in the nation of Israel.
The Exodus and a World Filled with Worshippers:
After God had given promises to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and eventually Jacob’s fourth-born son Judah, the family of a dozen men and their wives and children settled in the land of Goshen, a providence of Egypt. You will remember from the book of Genesis that a massive famine hit the entire region. Yet, God, through wonderful providence, allowed Joseph to be sold into slavery and imprisonment, only to be elevated to the second position in the kingdom of Egypt, perfectly positioned to rescue Jacob’s family (and the future nation that would come from his own body) from starvation and death. That family was reunited in Egypt and began growing in Egypt. For four hundred silent years, where the Bible does not speak, they continued being fruitful and multiplying in that foreign land.
In fact, this is precisely where the book of Exodus begins. God promised Adam and Noah in the earliest parts of Genesis that He would make them fruitful and multiply them. And now, in Egypt, in the earliest parts of the Exodus narrative, God keeps that promise on the ground and in their families. Here is what the text says:
“But the sons of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly, and multiplied, and became exceedingly mighty, so that the land was filled with them. – Exodus 1:7
Do you see how God is fulfilling His promises? Do not overlook the significance of this moment. God created a world in Eden where His covenant people were destined to thrive under His blessings, a key component of which was their call to be fruitful and multiply, to expand and populate all the lands, establishing dominion over them. These events unfold within this passage, though not yet on the universal scale envisioned for the future, but significantly on a local scale within Egypt. The people of Israel proliferated exceedingly, their numbers swelling to such an extent that they filled the land, indicating that God’s hand of blessing was upon them.
In typical fashion, the native occupants, the adversaries of God, perceive this divine favor and are seized by terror at the prospect of losing their sovereignty. Egypt’s apprehension, fearing that Israel’s expansion and dominion will continue to the point of usurping their own, highlights a profound understanding lost on many today. God has not devised a plan destined for His people’s failure but has laid a strategy where the foes of God will be stripped of their places, nations, and statuses. In this divine plan, God’s people are destined to dispossess their lands, thereby extending Yahweh’s dominion far beyond its current boundaries.
The Egyptian Pharoah and his advisors grasped the enormity of God’s plan with all the visceral clarity needed, filling their hearts with dread and spurring them into a dark, desperate strategy of Jewish genocide, which became a futile attempt to thwart God’s holy intentions (Exodus 1:9-10). Yet, as is the inevitable fate of all who dare to challenge the Almighty, their sinister schemes crumbled into dust flakes. Moses recounts with poetic justice that the harsher Egypt’s tyranny became, the more prolifically God’s favor was poured out, blessing His people with unimaginable success and growth (Exodus 1:12). In a twist of irony, when Egypt sought to drown the Hebrew legacy in the Nile, God orchestrated a covert resistance led by fearless midwives. These unsung heroines, under God’s watchful eye, not only safeguarded the lives of countless infants but became unwitting architects of Israel’s burgeoning population, further frustrating Pharaoh’s draconian decrees (Exodus 1:20).
As we saw last week, God will not give up on His plans. He made promises to Adam and Noah. He came and elected a sinner named Abraham. He gave that man children in his old age who would eventually settle down in Egypt. And now, under the mighty hand of God, who is pouring out His blessings and favor upon them, they are doing what Yahweh promised. They are being fruitful, multiplying, spreading out, and threatening the enemies of God’s security and dominion. Sounds a lot like postmillennialism. If you ask me, it sounds like God is ensuring He will extend His dominion globally until the world is filled with worshippers.
This plan, of course, ran afoul of the Egyptians, who whipped the Israelite’s backs a little harder each day, all the while increasing their miseries in labor, that is, until a breaking point occurred. At first, the strapping forty-year-old Moses, whom God miraculously orchestrated by divine providence to grow up in the palaces of Egypt, took matters into his own hands, killing an Egyptian and attempting to work for the freedom of his people by his own strength and Vigor. This was not God’s plan, so God exiled Moses into the wilderness for an entire generation so that he could cool his jets a bit and trust that the Lord would do precisely what he promised.
As an octogenarian, God summons Moses back to Egypt with a mandate to reassure His people that He had not left them to languish in the desert sands, He had not turned His back on them, and He would assuredly rescue them from the shackles of Egyptian servitude with a mighty hand (Exodus 3:7-10). This liberation was aimed not just about freeing them from bondage but at relocating them to a land reminiscent of Eden — a garden land brimming with milk and honey and other beautiful blessings. There, they were to flourish, tend the garden land, extending Yahweh’s sovereignty across its breadth, and transform it into a region where God’s will had come on earth as it always had in heaven (Exodus 3:8). This elaborate plan traces its way all the way back to the pages of Genesis. This was not merely for the benefit of the Israelites alone, but it was being enacted by a God who wanted the entire earth to hear about Him and worship Him because of His awe-inspiring deeds. God had appointed Israel as His emissary to bring His blessings to all the world. And He announced that purpose to the obstinate Pharaoh just before He crushed Him. God says to the Pharaoh in Exodus 9:16:

“But, indeed, for this reason, I have allowed you to remain, in order to show you My power and in order to proclaim My name through all the earth.” – Exodus 9:16

Why would God tell the egotistical Pharaoh that His intention was to fill the earth with His name, stories of His power, and glory if He had no desire to fulfill it? Would God boast in a plan He had no intention of completing? I think not.
God rained down a furious assortment of ten devastating plagues on Egypt, crushing their egotistical pride, crashing their agriculture, farming, shipping industries, and the entire economic system that kept them afloat as an empire, bankrupting them for generations. More importantly, God was laboring to set Israel free so that Yahweh’s name would echo in every hole, hollar, cave, plain, and hilltop on earth. This alone reminds us that God is still committed to His original plan and purpose. He will make His name great by multiplying His worshippers everywhere the sun shines, everywhere the shadow falls, and no one in hell or on earth will stop Him. If you doubt that, ask the Pharaoh of Egypt, who hardened his heart and got the unenviable opportunity to see all the wealth and power that remained within his empire flushed down the Red Sea toilet.
The Law and a World Filled with Worshippers:
From there, God brought this newly freed nation of Jews along with an assortment of Egyptians (Exodus 12:38), consisting of a couple of million people who walked out of Egypt (Exodus 12:37), to the base of Mount Sinai, where He would enter into a covenant relationship with them. Like all covenants, this one would have specific stipulations, rules, and precepts that the people of God were to follow in order to be in a relationship with this holy God. If they followed these stipulations, they would inherit the blessings of the covenant, which God describes in various sections of the Law. For instance, He promised to walk among them as God walked amid Adam and Eve in the garden (Leviticus 26:11-12). He promised they would be fruitful and prosperous in a garden land (Leviticus 26:9). He told them He would give them dominion and authority among the nations on earth (Deuteronomy 28:13). And He told them He would partner with them in filling the world with worshippers, as He had said to Adam before, reminding them: ‘I will be your God and you will be my people’ (Leviticus 26:12).
God also encouraged them that if they were holy (Leviticus 20:26), they would obey His voice (unlike their Father Adam). They would follow His decrees, and He would make them fruitful and multiply them (Leviticus 26:9). He would bless them in the land that He was giving them (Deuteronomy 6:3). He would use them to bring His covenant blessings and extend His royal dominion to all the nations (Exodus 19:5-6). In the Law, God promises to enter into a Genesis 1:28 relationship with Israel and allow them to assist Him in accomplishing His Genesis 1:28 outcome of filling the world with worshippers.
From the outset of national Israel, God invited them into a covenant whereby they could partner with Him – like Adam long before – to bring God’s glory into all the earth (Numbers 14:21). They were commissioned to live such holy and fruitful lives, aided by the Law and sacrificial system, that the nations would see the glories of God and would either stream into Israel to know this benevolent deity (Deuteronomy 4:5-6) or they would tremble in fear of Him and His people (Deuteronomy 28:9-10). Either way, the Lord was committed to His earth-filling promises. As long as Israel was faithful to Him, God would allow them to join Him in that work, using them as a light to the Gentiles (Isaiah 42:6). But, as we know from the story, Israel was regularly unfaithful to the Lord, they refused to be obedient to the terms of the covenant, instead of reaching the nations and filling the nations with the knowledge of God they polluted the land with the idols of demons. Instead of inheriting the covenant blessings, they often languished under the torrent of covenantal cursings (Deuteronomy 28).
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Written by S. Donald Fortson III |
Monday, December 12, 2022
What actually happened in the 19th-century American South was a bowing to social pressure to re-interpret the Bible in ways that supported race-based slavery. As a society, the South viewed itself as suffering injustice at the hands of a self-righteous North. This cultural ethos put enormous pressure on all southern Christians to conform to the norms of their culture. A similar pattern is being observed in American churches today that are succumbing to cultural demands to re-interpret the Bible to support homosexuality. The hermeneutical twists used to discredit the clear teaching of Holy Scripture on homosexuality is evidence of a desperate frenzy to re-interpret Christianity in order to make it palatable to the homosexual community.

One approach of gay-affirming scholarship has been to claim the church has modified its interpretations over the centuries. This includes not only change in views and practice from the Old Testament to the New Testament but also modifications in Biblical interpretation during the Christian centuries. Presbyterian theologian Jack Rogers asserts, “Christian people for centuries assumed that their Bibles condoned slavery and the subordination of women to men.  Yet, over time and often reluctantly, people came to follow the Holy Spirit’s leading to accept people of African origin and women as full and equal members of the church … the Holy Spirit is once again working to change our church – making us restless, challenging us to give up culturally conditioned prejudices against people of homosexual orientation.” (1)
This supposed parallel between Christians in the past using the Bible to justify slavery and the contemporary Church using Scripture to condemn homosexuality is both misleading and confused in its account of church history. Historically, there is no connection between Christian attitudes towards slavery and homosexuality. But, there does appear to be a historical resemblance between present-day attempts to re-interpret the Bible to support homosexuality and past misuse of the Bible in order to prop up race-based slavery. In both cases Biblical teaching has been co-opted to support a politically-popular position enabling Christians to comfortably fit into the cultural values of their times.
Slavery was a reality of life in the ancient Mediterranean world including the Greco-Roman period when Christianity emerged. It was regulated in Old Testament Israel and within the New Testament community. In ancient cultures persons were forced into lifelong servitude as spoils of war or became slaves due to debts that had to be repaid. Ancient slavery was not limited to one’s racial identity nor did it always involve kidnapping to force people into servitude. Slaves were bought and sold in the ancient world.
Christ’s apostles attempted to regulate slavery among believers according to ethical principles consistent with Christian faith. The apostles gave no explicit directives for all Christians to immediately free slaves, however, the implications of the Christian message pointed to the equality of all men and women before God. The book of Philemon bears witness to the continuing reality of slavery among converts to Christianity. Paul exhorted believing slave owner Philemon to treat his slave Onesimus, who was also a convert, as a Christian brother (Philemon:1:16). To the church at Colossae, Paul wrote, “Masters, treat your slaves justly and fairly, for you know that you also have a Master in heaven.” (Col. 4:1). These were radical ideas for the first-century Roman world. One observes these same themes in the writings of the Church Fathers who continued to challenge the slave-holding Christian empire to live out the gospel implications of equality of all human beings. (2)
The New Testament unmistakably affirms the essential equality of all men and women, “for in Christ Jesus you are all children of God by faith” (Gal. 3:26). Due to this new reality, “There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus” (Gal.3:28). Part of the apostolic ministry was to break down old existing relational barriers among Christians and one such barrier was master/slave relations which now must reflect the new reality of oneness in Christ.  The New Testament also reaffirmed the Old Testament prohibition of man-stealing and selling (Ex.21:16). In the list of those who live “contrary to the sound teaching that conforms to the glorious gospel of the blessed God” one finds these sinners: “murderers, fornicators, sodomites, slave traders, liars, perjurers.” (1 Tim. 1:10). It is ironic that some want to support homosexuality with appeals to Biblical support for slavery when this text in fact places them side by side as sinful.
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(1) Jack Rogers, Jesus, the Bible, and Homosexuality: Explode the Myths, Heal the Church. 2nd edition (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 2009), 58. Methodist New Testament scholar Richard Hays rejects this theory of coupling homosexuality, subordination of women and slavery. Hays observes: “Though only a few Biblical texts speak of homoerotic activity, all of them express unqualified disapproval. In this respect, the issue of homosexuality differs significantly from matters such as slavery or the subordination of women, concerning which the Bible contains internal tensions and counterposed witnesses.” Richard B. Hays, “Awaiting the Redemption of our Bodies” in Homosexuality in the Church, ed. Jeffrey S. Siker (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1994), 9,10. See also chapter 16 “Homosexuality” in Hays’ book: The Moral Vision of the New Testament: A Contemporary Introduction to New Testament Ethics (NY: Harper Collins, 1996).
(2) For a brief survey of the Church Fathers on slavery, see Jennifer A. Glancy, Slavery as a Moral Problem in the Early Church and Today. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2011); her discussion of St. Basil’s opposition to Christian slave holding is particularly noteworthy.  See also Glancy’s New Testament study, Slavery and Early Christianity (NY: Oxford University Press, 2002).
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