Yet for all of Paul’s hard words, Galatians is fundamentally a letter of grace. It is a bitter and often painful grace, but it is grace, nonetheless. Even though the Galatians are in very real danger of committing apostasy, from the very beginning the apostle is declaring that the well of God’s grace has not run dry. This is why the apostle extends his usual greeting into giving the Galatians a brief reminder of what exactly the gospel of Jesus Christ is.

Paul, an apostle—not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead—and all the brothers who are with me,
To the churches of Galatia:
Grace to you and peacefrom God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,who gave himself for our sinsto deliver us from the present evil age,according to the will of our God and Father,to whom be the glory forever and ever.Amen.
Galatians 1:1-5 ESV
When preparing for a new series through a book of the Bible, I always give a great deal of thought to what I am titling the series because I want the title to act as a concise snapshot of what the main theme of the book is. Paul’s epistle to the Galatians proved surprisingly difficult in this matter, since nailing down the overall theme can be a challenge. Of course, there is no shortage of ideas. If Galatians is primarily a polemic against legalism, then we could call the series “Not by Works of the Law,” “Captive Under the Law,” or even “The Curse of the Law.” But if Galatians is foremost a defense of justification by faith alone, then we could call it “Justified by Faith” or simply “Through Faith Alone.” But maybe Paul’s broader goal is to defend the true gospel, which would make the title “No Other Gospel” quite fitting.
Yet the most pervasive theme from the first verse to the last is Jesus Christ. Indeed, it is in the person of Christ that each of the other prominent themes of Galatians are rooted. We are set free from the curse of the law only through Christ becoming a curse in our place. The beauty of our being justified in God’s sight through faith alone is made possible only in Christ. And this good news is rightly called the gospel of Christ. Indeed, the great concern of Paul throughout this letter, which explains his intense and often harsh tone, is that the Galatians were in danger of being severed from Christ (5:4). thus, I propose a simple title for capturing the heartbeat of Paul’s letter to the Galatians: “Christ Alone.”
From Paul to the Galatians: Verses 1–2
As is typically the case with ancient letters, this one begins by identifying the author: Paul. This is, of course, the Apostle Paul, who was formerly called Saul and who actively persecuted the church until Christ called him to Himself. Although we do not know for certain when this letter was written, most scholars argue that it is the earliest of Paul’s letters, likely penned before the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15. R. C. Sproul remarks that his mentor John Gerstner described Paul’s personality and character with an acrostic of his name:
P stood for “polluted” because Paul understood that he was the chief of sinners, and the A referred to his “office” as an Apostle. But the most striking significance to me was that Dr. Gerstner said the U in Paul’s name stood for “uncompromising” and the L stood for “loving.” (Galatians, 2)
It is here in Galatians that we find those final two characteristics meeting together. Paul’s deep love for the Galatians leads him to an uncompromising stance on the gospel of Jesus Christ.
Paul then immediately refers to himself as an apostle. Although the word apostle simply means one who is sent, he uses it here to refer to an ecclesiastical office that belonged only to those who received a direct revelation of Jesus Christ. Since it is probable that Paul’s authority as an apostle was being called into question by the influencers, he follows his claim to apostleship with the statement: “not from men nor through man but through Jesus Christ…”
By saying “not from men,” Paul is emphasizing that the source of his apostleship did not come from any human authority but directly from God. “Nor through man” is to say that there was no intermediary. Christ Himself set Paul apart to be an apostle. Again, this is what distinguished the apostles from ministers today. The only authoritative offices, elders and deacons, are both appointed and affirmed by the church and can also be removed from office by the church.
Paul’s apostolic authority came instead “through Jesus Christ and God the Father.” Obviously, it was Jesus Himself who appeared to Paul, but just as Jesus said that whoever has seen Him has seen the Father, the apostle rightly understood his call through Christ to also be a call from the Father. Furthermore, in answer to those who would deny the divinity of Christ, notice the intimate union in Paul’s mind between Christ and the Father, as well as the distance he places between Christ and ordinary men. Of course, we joyfully affirm that Jesus became truly man, but crucially, He was not merely a man. He is the God-man, truly human but also truly divine.
“who raised him from the dead” John Brown gives a wonderful answer for why Paul included this phrase:
This was a truth ever present to the apostle’s mind in its pre-eminent importance; and consequently he was always ready to give it utterance. It is not unlikely that, in mentioning it here, he meant to suggest the idea,–that as an apostle called by the Savior raised from the dead by the power of the Father, he was certainly not inferior to those who had been called by him in his suffering state. For it does not seem to have been one of the circumstances of which the false teachers in different churches availed themselves, in endeavouring to lessen Paul’s authority, that he had not, like the other apostles, been the companion of Jesus Christ while on earth. (Galatians, 22)
Although verse 1 is more than enough to establish the authority of Paul as an apostle of the risen Christ, he also adds “and all the brothers with me.” This probably refers to those ministering alongside Paul, although it could also be the general believers of which city Paul was writing from. Either way, since this is only letter where Paul cites another group of believers as giving their explicit affirmation of Paul’s words, we can assume that Paul was doing so very intentionally. Indeed, this seems to be simply one more authentication of Paul’s authority. Perhaps the implication to the Galatians is: if the testimony of the Father and the about me is not sufficient, then just know that all the brothers who are with me agree with everything I am about to write. In other words, “Paul is no lone ranger, a renegade working in isolation from the rest of the early church. The gospel he preaches and the gospel the Galatians first believed is the same gospel preached by Paul’s cohorts and many others” (Wilson, Galatians, 21-22).
“to the churches of Galatia” Here we learn the recipients of this letter. Unlike most of Paul’s epistles, this one was not directed to a particular city but to a region. There are two possibilities about which Galatians Paul was writing to. If he was speaking of Galatia in an ethnic sense, then he would have been writing to the Celtic people in northern part of the providence of Galatia. If he was speaking of Galatia in a geographic or political sense, then it is likely that he was addressing area of Antioch, Lystra, Derbe, and Iconium, which are cities where he preached the gospel in Acts 13-14. The absence of personal names often seems to indicate familiarity in Paul’s writings, so I would assume the latter to be the more likely option.
Regarding the word churches, DeSilva gives us this caution:
The translation “congregations” is preferred here to “churches” given the connotations of the latter in English as established places for worship. The Greek ἐκκλεσία refers to an assembly of people without reference to a building or place, which is more in keeping with early Christian identity and practice. (3)
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This is just one reason why the church is so precious. As the word of the gospel goes out and gathers believers to Jesus (John 10:16), these new believers form gatherings called churches. In the book Word-Centered Church, Jonathan Leeman says, “A Christian’s new DNA, which he’s received from the Word and Spirit, knows that it now belongs to something larger . . . his new being longs to be gathered to other believers now—on earth” (87). Jesus sets your story in a local church because faith flourishes in fellowship. It would be tragic for us to write ourselves out of the story, watching the flame of our faith slowly fade because we distanced ourselves from fellowship.
Two passages in Hebrews show four reasons fellowship helps us run the race of the Christian life.
Protection Against Hardened Hearts
Soldiers stand guard not only for themselves, but also for their fellow soldiers. Fellow believers likewise guard each other through a word of exhortation. “But exhort one another every day, as long as it is called ‘today,’ that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. For we have come to share in Christ, if indeed we hold our original confidence firm to the end” (Heb. 3:13–14).
The Saturday night before in-person Sunday services were shut down for us, our youth group was away for our annual retreat. I asked our students to gather in small circles around each youth leader and pray for them. We may assume teenagers today are indifferent towards God and so self-absorbed they don’t think about others. However, these teenagers went without hesitation and covered their leaders in prayer. Seeing a fifteen-year-old put their hand on the shoulder of their fifty-year-old leader, with tears in their eyes, and pray for them is a moment Zoom cannot re-create. I missed moments like this.
Like an army locking shields to protect everyone from enemy arrows, we surround each other with shields of exhortation and prayer. We guard our hearts for Christ in the fellowship of believers.

Christianity compromised God’s biblical antithesis in the name of national unity.  If we were a Christian nation, we might have a hope for survival, even with variations in language and race.  However, like those who sought a humanistic unity at the Tower of Babel, we are doing the same thing as they did, and we are seeing the judgment of God in our own day.  With the passage of laws legalizing abortion and homosexual marriage, the American people have declared war against the God of the Bible.  Judgment follows the rejection of blessing. We no longer live in a post-Christian age but rather in an Anti-Christian age.

There is a great divide in the United States over the Israel-Hamas war in the Middle East.  Most Americans are surprised at the size of the pro-Palestinian sentiment as seen in large public demonstrations, and now resulting in actual physical violence. The Middle East has been literally imported to the United States, and madness is raising its ugly head.  The reason for this division in the United States is that we no longer have a Christian consensus.  We have shifted from a Christian Nation rooted in the truth of the Bible to a Polytheistic Empire rooted in Marxist ideology.
The United States was once a Christian Nation.  Regardless of your view on Christian Nationalism, it cannot be denied that even though we bear little resemblance to a Christian Nation today, we have been living off that capital for many years.  The Bible provided a reference point for both personal and civil law.  Christianity was the seedbed for national unity.
Christianity has dominated the landscape of this country since its beginnings.  Contrary to the United States Constitution, nine of the original thirteen colonies required a religious test for officeholders which reflected a recognition of the Christian Faith.  The States created the Union.  The Union did not create the States. With the loss of State sovereignty in the Civil War, with the rise of the power of the federal government, and with a federal Constitution not demanding a religious test, the shift to a Polytheistic Empire began. Today, we now have Muslims occupying legislative positions in our national government. This would have been unthinkable to most Americans just a half-century ago. I know because I was there over a half-century ago.
A Polytheistic Empire is a country where a multiplicity of nations adhering to a variety of religions seek to live in peace, all under the same roof—in the name of Democracy.  It is believed that Muslims, Jews, and Christians can live together in peace within the same borders.  We have been told that this is possible because Democracy will keep us united. In Democracy the ballot box is the common sacrament among the various religions.  It is the glue that holds us together. The problem is that all this verbiage is a big lie!  Democracy might be possible in a Christian Nation, but in a Marxist regime it becomes a weapon to impose Marxist equality on everyone.
The Bible is clear that nations are defined by a common religion (Ps. 33:12), a common border (Acts 17:26), a common language (Acts 2:6), and a common patriarch (or ancestry) (Rms. 9:3). The Japanese understand this.  The Chinese understand this.  The Russians, the Germans, the French, and the English once understood this.  In recent years western Europe thought they could mix Christianity and Islam within their own borders, but they are beginning to reverse that movement.  It has proved to be catastrophic.
The Biden Administration is an agent of this new political thought.  Open borders are now somehow supposed to be a means of ushering in this new utopia.  As White Christians are marginalized, color becomes the mark of God’s election. Victimhood is now the evidence of holiness, and laws must be reenacted to punish the oppressors to reflect this new Marxist social order.
The problem is that no nation has ever existed since Adam and Eve as a Polytheistic Empire with a multiplicity of nations existing peaceably within the same borders. Empires have existed by exercising raw power over various other nations—each living within their own national boundaries, even with their own religions. However, a Polytheistic Empire with a multiplicity of nations living within the same geographical boundaries is not possible.  It is as insane as creating a zoo where all the animals are put together in the same cage.  As a result, the melting pot we were promised in the typical yellow schoolhouse has become a boiling pot.
Do not forget that America is a new experiment in the history of nations.  We have only been around for a few hundred years—a very short time as compared to the thousands of years since Adam and Eve.  For at least a hundred years or so, we have ignored the biblical definition of a nation and sought by our own hubris to create a utopia based on the inherent goodness of man and the compatibility of all religions. We are like the young teenager who thinks he is wiser than those who came before him—you know the pitch—that the hope of the future is in the hands of our young people. But with time, like most of us, they find out they were just fools.
Christianity compromised God’s biblical antithesis in the name of national unity.  If we were a Christian nation, we might have a hope for survival, even with variations in language and race.  However, like those who sought a humanistic unity at the Tower of Babel, we are doing the same thing as they did, and we are seeing the judgment of God in our own day.  With the passage of laws legalizing abortion and homosexual marriage, the American people have declared war against the God of the Bible.  Judgment follows the rejection of blessing. We no longer live in a post-Christian age but rather in an Anti-Christian age.
Most of you who read this article will not be affected by this shift to a Polytheistic Empire.  However, you are watching it happen.  Decay happens gradually over time. You probably are alarmed, but not too much.  You have accumulated wealth and life is good.  It is your children and grandchildren who will have to pay the price for the error of our way. They will have to live with the fruit of our mistakes.
As a postmillennialist I believe before Christ returns that all the nations shall be converted through the preaching of the gospel.  For now, it is obvious that we have made a grave mistake in this country.  We failed to understand the basic definition of a nation. However, future generations will learn from our failures, and the day will come when God’s people shall see the glory of the Lord cover the earth as the water covers the sea.
Larry E. Ball is a retired minister in the Presbyterian Church in America and is now a CPA. He lives in Kingsport, Tenn.
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